A

Arntz, A. (2008). Schema-focused therapy for borderline personality disorder: effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, evidence from a multicenter trial. European Psychiatry, 23, Suppl. 2, S65-S66.
Arntz, A., & Bernstein, D. (2006). Can personality disorders be changed? Netherlands Journal of Psychology, 62, 9-18.
Arntz, A. & Genderen, H. van (2009). Schema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder.
Arntz, A., Klokman, J., & Sieswerda, S. (2005). An experimental test of therapy schema mode model of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 36, 226-239.
Arntz, A., Tiesema, M., & Kindt, M. (2007). Treatment of PTSD: a comparison of imaginal exposure with and without imagery rescripting. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 345-370.
Arntz, A., & Weertman, A. (1999). Treatment of childhood memories: Theory and practice. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 715-740.
Asselt, A. D. van, Dirksen, C. D., Arntz, A., Giesen-Bloo, J. H., van Dyck, R., Spinhoven, P., van Tilburg, W., Kremers, I.P., Nadort, M. & Severens, J.L. (2008). Outpatient psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: cost-effectiveness of schema-focused therapy v. transference-focused psychotherapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 450-457.
Atalay, H., Atalay F., Karahan, D., & Ҫakiskan, M. (2008). Early maladaptive schemas activated in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 12, 268-279.

B

Baker, E., & Beech, A.R. (2004). Dissociation and variability of adult attachment dimensions and early maladaptive schemas in sexual and violent offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 1119-1136.
Ball, S. A. (1998). Manualised treatment for substance abusers with personality disorders: dual focus schema therapy. Addictive Behaviours, 23, 883-891.
Ball, S. A. (2004). Treatment of personality disorders with co-occurring substance dependence: dual-focus schema therapy. In: J. J. Magnavita (Ed.), Handbook of personality disorders: theory and practice (pp.398-425). Hoboken, NJ.: Wiley.
Ball, S. A., & Cecero, J. J. (2001). Addicted patients with personality disorders: traits, schemas, and presenting problems. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15, 72-83.
Ball, J., Mitchell, P., Malhi, G., Skillecorn, A. & Smith, M. (2003). Schema-focused cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder: reducing vulnerability to relapse through attitudinal change. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37(1), 41-48.
Ball, S.A., Cobb-Richardson, P., Connolly, A.J., Bujosa, C.T., & O’Neil, T.W. (2005). Substance abuse and personality disorders in homeless drop-in center clients: symptom severity and psychotherapy retention in a randomized clinical trial. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46, 317-379.
Ball, S.A., & Young, J.E. (1999). Early maladaptive schemas questionnaire-research. New Haven, CT: Yale University School of Medicine.
Ball, S. A., & Young, J. E. (2000). Dual focus schema therapy for personality disorders and substance dependence: case study results. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 7, 270-281.
Bamber, M. (2004). ‘The good, the bad and defenceless Jimmy’ – A single case study of schema mode therapy. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11, 425-438.
Bamber, M. (2006). CBT for occupational stress in health professionals: Introducing a schema focused approach. London: Routledge
Bamber, M., & McMahon, R. (2008). Danger- early maladaptive schemas at work! The role of early maladaptive schemas in career choice and the development of occupational stress in health workers. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 15, 96-112.
Baranoff, J., Oei, T.P.S., Cho, S.H., & Kwon, S.M. (2006). Factor structure and internal consistency of the Young schema questionnaire (short form) in Korean and Australian samples. Journal of Affective Disorders, 93, 133-140.
Bernstein, D. P., Arntz, A., & Vos, M. de (2007). Schema focused therapy in forensic settings: theoretical model and recommendations for best clinical practice. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 6, 169-183.
Blissett, J.M., & Farrow, C.V. (2007). Stability and continuity of women’s core beliefs and psychopathological symptoms from pregnancy to one year postpartum. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31, 589-602.
Blissett, J., & Meyer, C. (2006). The mediating role of eating psychopathology in the relationship between unhealthy core beliefs and feeding difficulties in a nonclinical group. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39, 763-771.
Blissett, J., Meyer, C., Farrow, C., Bryant-Waugh, R., & Nicholls, D. (2005). Maternal core beliefs and children’s feeding problems. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 37, 127-134.
Blissett, J., Walsh, J., Harris, G., Jones, C., Leung, N., & Meyer, C. (2006). Different core beliefs predict paternal and maternal attachment representations in young women. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 163-171.
Boo, G. de, & Rijkeboer, M.M. (2004). Schema-Vragenlijst voor kinderen [Schema- Questionnaire for children]. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Psychology.
Braitman, K.A. (2002). Relationships among body satisfaction, appearance schemas, early maladaptive schemas, and sociocultural attitudes towards appearance. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62(10-B), 4835.
Brandon, R.A. (2000). Early recollections as a trigger technique for identifying early maladaptive schemas. Dissertation Abstracts International, 61 (03): 1626B.

C

Calvete, E. (2008). Justification of violence and grandiosity schemas as predictors of antisocial behaviour in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 1083-1095.
Calvete, E., Corral, S., & Estévez, A. (2007). Cognitive and coping mechanisms in the interplay between intimate partner violence and depression. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 20, 369-382.
Calvete, E., Estévez, A., López de Arroyabe, E., & Ruiz, P. (2005). The Schema Questionnaire – short form: structure and relationship with automatic thoughts and symptoms of affective disorders. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(2), 90-99.
Calvete, E., & Orue, I. (2008). Social anxiety and dysfunctional cognitve schemas [Ansiedad social y esquemas cognitivos disfuncionales]. Psicologia Conductual, 16, 5-21.
Carine, B.E. (1997). Assessing personal and interpersonal schemata associated with Axis-II cluster B personality disorders: An integrated perspective. Dissertation Abstracts International, 58(01), 410B.
Carr, S.N., & Francis, A.J.P. (in press). Do early maladaptive schemas mediate the relationship between childhood experiences and avoidant personality disorder features? A preliminary investigation in a non-clinical sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research.
Castille, K., Prout, M., Marczyk, G., Shmidheiser, M., Yoder, S., & Howlett., B. (2007). The early maladaptive schemas of self-mutilators: Implications for therapy. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21, 58-71.
Cecero, J.J., Beitel, M., & Prout, T. (2008). Exploring the relationships among early maladaptive schemas, psychological mindedness and self-reported college adjustment. Psychology and Psychotheapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 81, 105-118.
Cecero, J.J., Marmon, T.S., Beitel, M., Hutz, A., & Jones, C. (2004). Images of mother, self, and God as predictors of dysphoria in non-clinical samples, Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1669-1680.
Cecero, J.J., Nelson, J.D., & Gillie, J.M. (2004). Tools and tenets of schema therapy: toward the construct validity of the early maladaptive schema questionnaire – research version (EMSQ-R). Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11, 344-357.
Cecero, J. J., & Young, J. E. (2001). Case of Silvia: A schema-focused approach. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 11, 217-229.
Crawford, E., & O’Dougherty Wright, M. (2007). The impact of childhood psychological maltreatment on interpersonal schemas and subsequent experiences of relationship aggression. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 7, 93-116.
Cukor, D., & McGinn, L.K. (2006). History of child abuse and severity of adult depression: the mediating role of cognitive schema. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 15, 19-34.

D

Delattre, V., Servant, D., Rusinek, S., Lorette, C., Parquet, P.J., Goudemand, M., & Hautekeete, M. (2004). The early maladaptive schemas : a study in adult patients with anxiety disorders [Les schemas précoced dysfonctionnels: etude chez des patients adultes souffrant d’un trouble anxieux], Encephale, 30, 255-258.
Decouvelaere, F., Graziani, P., Gackiere-Eraldi, D., Rusinek, S., & Hautekeete, M. (2002). Hypothese de l’existence et de l’evolution de schemas cognitifs mal adaptes chez l’alcoolo-dependant [Hypothesis of existence and development of early maladaptive schemas in alcohol-dependent patients]. Journal de Therapie Comportementale et Cognitive, 12, 43-48.
Dobrenski, R.A. (2001). Romantic jealousy : Symptoms, schemas, and attachment. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (6-B), 2954.
Dozois, D.J.A., Martin, R.A., & Bieling, P.J. (2009). Early maladaptive schemas and adaptive/maladaptive styles of humor. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33, 585-596
Dutra, L., Callahan, K., Forman, E., Mendelsohn, M., & Herman, J. (2008). Core schemas and suicidality in a chronically traumatized population. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 71-74.

E

Edworthy, Z., Chasey, R., & Williams, H. (2008). The role of schema and appraisals in the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms following birth. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 26, 123-138.

F

Farrell, J.M., Shaw, I.A., & Webber, M.A. (2009). A schema-focused approach to group psychotherapy for outpatients with borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 317-328.
Farrow, C.V., & Blisset, J. (2007). The development of maternal self-esteem. Infant Mental Health Journal, 28, 517-535.
Farrow, C., & Blissett, J. (2006). Maternal cognitions, psychopathologic symptoms, and infant temperament as predictors of early infant feeding problems: a longitudinal study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39, 128-134.
Fitzsimmons, K., Gallagher, S., Blayone, S., Chan, D., Leaitch, W., Veals, N., & Wilkinson, N. (2009) . The young schema questionnaire in group therapy: A client-focused approach. Social Work in Mental Health, 7, 176-185.
Freeman, N. (1999). Constructive thinking and early maladaptive schemas as predictors of interpersonal adjustment and marital satisfaction. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59(9-B), 5081.

G

Giblin, S., Clare, L., Livingston, G., & Howard, R. (2004). Psychosocial correlates of late-onset psychosis: life experiences, cognitive schemas, and attitudes to ageing. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19, 611-623.
Giesen-Bloo, J., Dyck, R. van, Spinhoven, P., Tilburg, W. van, Dirksen, C., Asselt, T. van, Kremers, I., Nadort, M., & Arntz, A. (2006). Outpatient psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder, randomized trial of schema-focused therapy vs transference-focused psychotherapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 649-658.
Glaser, B.A., Campbell, L.F., Calhoun, G.B., Bates, J.M., & Petrocelli, J.V. (2002). The early maladaptive schema questionnaire-short form: a construct validity study. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 35, 2-13.
Gude, T., & Hoffart, A. (2008). Change in interpersonal problems after cognitive agoraphobia and schema-focused therapy versus psychodynamic treatment as usual of inpatients with agoraphobia and Cluster C personality disorders: health and disability. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 195-199.
Gude, T., Hoffart, A., Hedley, L., & Rø, Ø. (2004). The dimensionality of dependent personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 604-610.
Gude, T., Monsen, J. T., & Hoffart, A. (2001). Schemas, affect consciousness, and Cluster C personality pathology: a prospective one-year follow-up study of patients in a schema-focused short-term treatment program. Psychotherapy Research, 11(1), 85-98.

H

Hagen, R., Nordahl, H.M., & Grawe, R.W. (2005). Cognitive-behavioural group treatment of depression in patients with psychotic disorders. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 465-474.
Hahusseau, S., & Pélissolo, A. (2006). Young’s schema-focused therapies in personality disorders: a pilot study [Thérapies comportementales et cognitives centres sur les schemas de young dans les troubles de la personnalité : étude pilote sur 14 cas]. Encephale, 32, 298-304.
Halford, W.K., Bernoth-Doolan, S., & Eadie, K. (2002). Schemata as moderators of clinical effectiveness of a comprehensice cognitive behavioural program for patients with depression or anxiety disorders. Behavior Modification, 26, 571-593.
Halvorsen, M., Wang, C.E., Richter, J., Myrland, I., Pedersen, S.K., Eisemann, M., & Waterloo, K. (2009). Early maladaptive schemas, temperament and character traits in clinically depressed and previously depressed subjects. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 394-407.
Halvorsen, M., Wang, C.E., Eisemann, M., & Waterloo, K. (in press). Dysfunctional Attitudes and Early Maladaptive Schemas as Predictors of Depression: A 9-Year Follow-Up Study. Cognitive Therapy and Research.
Hanswijck de Jonge, P. van, Waller, G., Fiennes, A., Rashid, Z., & Lacey, J.H. (2003). Reported sexual abuse and cognitive content in the morbidly obese, Eating Behaviors, 4, 315-322.
Harris, A.E., & Curtin, L. (2002). Parental perceptions, early maladaptive schemas, and depressive symptoms in young adults. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 405-416.
Hartt, J., & Waller, G. (2002). Child abuse, dissociation, and core beliefs in bulimic disorders. Child Abuse and Neglect, 26, 923-938.
Hedley, L.M., Hoffart, A., & Sexton, H. (2001). Early maladaptive schemas in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 15, 131-142.
Hoffart, A., & Sexton, H. (2002). The role of optimism in the process of schema-focused cognitive therapy of personality problems. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 611-623.
Hoffart, A., Sexton, H., Hedley, L.M., Wang, C.E., Holthe, H., Haugum, J.A., Nordahl, H.M., Hovland, O.J., & Holte, A. (2005). The structure of maladaptive schemas: a confirmatory factor analysis and a psychometric evaluation of factor-derived scales. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 627-644.
Hoffart, A., Sexton, H., & Nordahl, H. M. (2005). Connection between patient and therapist and therapist’s competence in schema-focused therapy of personality problems. Psychotherapy Research, 15, 409-419.
Hoffart, A., Versland, S., & Sexton, H. (2002). Self-understanding, empathy, guided discovery, and schema belief in schema-focused cognitive therapy of personality problems: a process-outcome study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 199-219.
Holmes, E. A., Arntz, A., & Smucker, M. R. (2007). Imagery rescripting in cognitive behaviour therapy: images, treatment techniques and outcomes. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 297-305.

I

No publications known yet!

J

Jacquin, K.M. (1998). The effects of maladaptive schemata on information processing. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59 (01): 435B.
James, I.A. (2001). Schema therapy: the next generation, but should it carry a health warning? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 401-407.
Johnston, C., Dorahy, M.J., Courtney, D., Bayles, T., & O’Kane, M. (2009). Dysfunctional schema modes, childhood trauma and dissociation in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 248-255.
Jovev, M., & Jackson, H.J. (2004). Early maladaptive schemas in personality disordered individuals. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 467-478.

K

Kellogg, S.H. (2004). Dialogical encounters: contemporary perspectives on ‘chairwork’ in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice & Training, 41, 310-320.
Kellogg, S.H., & Young, J.E. (2006). Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 445-458.
Kennerley, H. (1996). Cognitive therapy of dissociative symptoms associated with trauma. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 325-340.
Kremers, I. P., Giezen, A. E. van, Does, A. J. van der, Dyck, R. van, & Spinhoven, P. (2007). Memory of childhood trauma before and after long-term psychological treatment of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38(1), 1-10.

L

Lachenal-Chevallet, K., Mauchand, P, Cottraux, J., Bouvard, M., & Martin, R. (2006). Factor analysis of the schema questionnaire-short form in a nonclinical sample. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 20, 311-318.
Lawrence, K.A., Allen, J.S., & Chanen, A.M. (in press). A study of maladaptive schemas and borderline personality disorder in young people. Cognitive Therapy and Research.
Lee, C.W., Taylor, G., & Dunn, J. (1999). Factor structure of the Schema-Questionnaire in a large clinical sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 441-451.
Leung, N., Thomas, G., & Waller, G. (2000). The relationship between parental bonding and core beliefs in anorexic and bulimic women. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39, 205-213.
Leung, N., Waller, G., & Thomas, G. (1999). Core beliefs in anorexic and bulimic women. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 187, 736-741.
Lobbestael, J. (2008). Lost in fragmentation. Schema modes, childhood trauma, and anger in borderline and antisocial personality disorder. Maastricht University: dissertation.
Lobbestael, J., Arntz, A., & Sieswerda, S. (2005). Schema modes and childhood abuse in borderline and antisocial personality disorders. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 36, 240-253.
Lobbestael, J., Vreeswijk, M. F. van, & Arntz, A. (2007). Shedding light on schema modes: a clarification of the mode concept and its current research status. Netherlands Journal of Psychology, 63, 76-85.
Lobbestael, J., Vreeswijk, M. F. van, & Arntz, A. (2008). An empirical test of schema mode conceptualisations in personality disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 854-860.
Lobbestael, J., Arntz, A., Cima, M., & Chakhssi, F. (2009a). Effects of induced anger in patients with antisocial personality disorder. Psychological Medicine, 39, 557-568.
Lobbestael, J., Arntz, A., Löbbes, A., & Cima, M. (2009b). A comparative study of patients and therapists’ reports of schema modes. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 571-579.
Lobbestael, J., & Arntz, A. (2010). Emotional, cognitive and physiological correlates of abuse-related stress in borderline and antisocial personality disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 116-124.
Loper, A.B. (2003). The relationship of maladaptive beliefs to personality and behavioural adjustment among incarcerated women. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 17, 253-266.
Lumley, M.N., & Harkness, K.L. (2007). Specificity in the relations among childhood adversity, early maladaptive schemas, and symptom profiles in adolescent depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31, 639-657.
Lundh, L., & Czyzykow-Czarnocka, S. (2001). Priming of the emotional stroop effect by a schema questionnaire. An experimental study of test order. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 281-289.

M

Mason., O., Platts, H., & Tyson, M. (2005). Early maladaptive schema and adult attachment in a UK clinical population. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 78, 549-564.
McGinn, L.K., & Young, J.E. (1996). Schema-focused therapy. In P.M. Salkovskis (Ed.), Frontiers of cognitive therapy (pp. 182-207). New York: Guilford Press.
Messman-Moore, T.L., & Coates, A.A. (2007). The impact of childhood psychological abuse on adult interpersonal conflict: the role of early maladaptive schemas and patterns of interpersonal behavior. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 7, 75-92.
Meyer, C., Leung, N., Feary, R., & Mann, B. (2001). Core beliefs and bulimic symptomatology in non-eating-disordered women: The mediating role of borderline characteristics. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30, 434-440.
Moorhead, S., & Turkington, D. (2001). The CBT of delusional disorder: the relationship between schema vulnerability and psychotic content. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 74, 419-430.
Morrison, N. (2000). Schema-focused cognitive therapy for complex long-standing problems: a single-case study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 28, 269-283.
Muris, P. (2006). Maladaptive schemas in non-clinical adolescents: relations to perceived parental rearing behaviours, big five personality factors, and psychopathological symptoms. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 405-413.

N

Nadort, M., van Dyck, R., Smit, J.H., Giesen-Bloo, J., Eikelenboom, M., Wensing, M., Spinhoven, P., Dirksen, C., Bleecke, J., van Milligen, B., van Vreeswijk, M., & Arntz, A. (2009 a). Three preparatory studies for promoting implementation of outpatient schema therapy for borderline personality disorder in general mental health care. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 938-945.
Nadort, M., Arntz, A., Smit, J.H., Giesen-Bloo, J., Eikelenboom, M., Spinhoven, P., van Asselt, T., Wending, M., & van Dyck, R. (2009 b). Implementation of outpatient schema therapy for borderline personality disorder with versus without crisis support by the therapist outside office hours: A randomized trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 961-973.
Nordahl, H.M., Holthe, H., & Haugum, J.A. (2005). Early maladaptive schemas in patients with or without personality disorders: does schema modification predict symptomatic relief? Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 142-149.
Nordahl, H.M., & Nysaeter, T.E. (2005). Schema therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder: a single case series. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 36, 254-264.
Nysaeter, T.E., & Nordahl, H.M. (2008). Principles and clinical application of schema therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder. Nordic Psychology, 60, 249-263.

O

Oei, T.P.S., & Baranoff, J. (2007). Young schema questionnaire: review of psychometric and measurement issues. Australian Journal of Psychology, 59, 78-86.
Overton, A., Selway, S., Strongman, K., & Houston, M. (2005). Eating disorders – the regulation of positive as well as negative emotion experience. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 12, 39-56.

P

Petrocelli, J.V., Glaser, B.A., Calhoun, G.B., & Campbell, L.F. (2001). Early maladaptive schemas of personality disorder subtypes. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15, 546-559.
Petrocelli, J.V., Glaser, B.A., Calhoun, G.B., & Campbell, L.F. (2001). Cognitive schemas as mediating variables of the relationship between the self-defeating personality and depression. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 183-191.
Pinto-Gouveia, J., Castilho, P., Galhardo, A., & Cunha, M. (2006). Early maladaptive schemas and social phobia. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 571-584.

Q

No publications known yet.

R

Rafaeli, E. (2009). Cognitive behavioral therapies for personality disorders. Israel Journal of Psychiatry, 46, 290-297.
Ratto, C. L., & Capitano, D. L. (1999). New directions for cognitive therapy: a schema-focused approach. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 6(1), 68-73.
Reeves, M., & Taylor, J. (2007). Specific relationships between core beliefs and personality disorder symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14, 96-104.
Rijkeboer, M. M. (2005). Assessment of early maladaptive schemas. On the validity of the Dutch Young Schema-Questionnaire. Utrecht University: Dissertation.
Rijkeboer, M. M., & Bergh, H. van de (2006). Multiple group confirmatory factor of the Young schema-questionnaire in a Dutch clinical versus non-clinical sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 263-278.
Rijkeboer, M. M., Bergh, H. van de, & Bout, J. van de (2005). Stability and discriminative power of the Young Schema-Questionnaire in a Dutch clinical versus non-clinical sample. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 36, 129-144.
Rijkeboer, M.M., & de Boo, G.M. (2010). Early maladaptive schemas in children: Development and validation of the schema inventory for children. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41, 102-109.
Riso, L.P., Blandino, J.A., Penna, S., Dacey, S., Grant, M.M., Du Toit, P.L., Duin, J.S., Pacoe, E.M., & Ulmer, C.S. (2003). Cognitive aspects of chronic depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 72-80.
Riso, L.P., Froman, S.E., Raouf, M., Gable, P., Maddux, R.E., Turini-Santorelli, N., Penna, S., Blandino, J.A., Jacobs, C.H., & Cherry, M. (2006). The long-term stability of early maladaptive schemas. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 515-529.
Riso, L.P., & Newman, C.F. (2003). Cognitive therapy for chronic depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 817-831.
Rittenmyer, G.J. (1997). The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and job burnout among public school teachers. Dissertation Abstracts International, 58(5-A), 1529.
Rusinek, S. (2004). Schema focused therapy after evaluation of semantic modifications in a story recall [Thérapie orientée schemas après évalutation de modifications sémantiques dans un rappel d’histoire], Annales Medico-Psychologiques, 162, 189-194.

S

Saariaho, T., Saariaho, A., Karila, I., & Joukamaa, M. (2009). The psychometric properties of the Finnish Young Schema Questionnaire in chronic pain patients and a non-clinical sample. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 158-168.
Schmidt, N.B., & Joiner, T.E. (2004). Global maladaptive schemas, negative life events, and psychological distress. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 65-72.
Schmidt, N.B., Joiner, T.E., Young, J.E., & Telch, M.J. (1995). The Schema-Questionnaire: Investigation of psychometric properties and the hierarchical structure of a measure of maladaptive schemas. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19, 295-231.
Shah, R., & Waller, G. (2000). Parental style and vulnerability to depression: The role of core beliefs. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188, 19-25.
Sieswerda, S., Arntz, A., & Kindt, M. (2007). Successful psychotherapy reduces hypervigilance in Borderline Personality Disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 35, 387-402.
Simeon, D., Guralnik, O., Knutelska, M., & Schmeidler, J. (2002). Personality factors associated with dissocation: Temperament, defenses, and cognitive schemata. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 489-491.
Smucker, M. R., & Niederee, J. (1995). Treating incest-related PTSD and pathogenic schemas through imaginal exposure and rescripting. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 2(1), 63-92.
Sookman, D., & Steketee, G. (2007). Directions in specialized cognitive behavior therapy for resistant obsessive-compusive disorder: theory and practice of two approaches. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14, 1-17.
Specht, M.W., Chapman, A., & Celluci, T. (2009). Schemas and borderline disorder symptoms in incarcerated women. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 256-264..
Spinhoven, P., Bockting, C.L.H., Kremers, I.P., Schene, A.H., & Williams, J.M.G. (2007). The endorsement of dysfunctional attitudes is associated with an impaired retrieval of specific autobiographical memories in response to matching cues. Memory, 15, 324-338.
Spinhoven, P., Giesen-Bloo, J., Dyck, R. van, & Arntz, A. (2008). Can assessors and therapists predict the outcome of long-term psychotherapy in borderline personality disorder? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64, 667-686.
Spinhoven, P., Dyck, R. van, Giesen-Bloo, J., Kooiman, K., & Arntz, A. (2007). The therapeutic alliance in schema-focused therapy and transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 104-115.
Stallard, P. (2007). Early maladaptive schemas in children: stability and differences between a community and a clinic referred sample. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14, 10-18.
Stallard, P., & Rayner, H. (2005). The development and preliminary evaluation of a Schema Questionnaire for Children (SQC). Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, 217-224.
Sterk, F., & Rijkeboer, M.M. (1997). Schema-Vragenlijst [Schema-Questionnaire]. Utrecht: Ambulatorium Utrecht University.
Stopa, L., Thorne, P., Waters, A., & Preston, J. (2001). Are the short and long forms of the Young Schema-Questionnaire comparable and how well does each version predict psychopathology scores? Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 15, 253-272.
Stopa, L., & Waters, A. (2005). The effect of mood on responses to the Young Schema Questionnaire: Short form. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 78, 45-57.

T

Thimm, J.C. (2010). Mediation of early maladaptive schemas between perceptions of parental rearing style and personality disorder symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41, 52-59.
Tilden, T., Gude, T. & Hoffart, A. (2010). The course of dyadic adjustment and depressive symptoms during and after couples therapy: A prospective follow-up study of inpatient treatment. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 36, 43-58.
Tremblay, P.F., & Dozois, D.J.A. (2009). Another perspective on trait aggressiveness: Overlap with early maladaptive schemas. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 569-574.
Turner, H.M., Rose, K.S., & Cooper, M.J. (2005). Parental bonding and eating disorder symptoms in adolescents: the mediating role of core beliefs. Eating Behaviors, 6, 113-118.

U

Unoka, Z., Tölgyes, T., & Czobor, P. (2007). Early maladaptive schemas and body mass index in subgroups of eating disorders: a differential association. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48, 199-204.

V

Vlierberghe, L. van, & Braet, C. (2007). Dysfunctional schemas and psychopathology in referred obese adolescents. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14, 342-351.
Vlierberghe, L. van, Rijkeboer, M.M., Hamers, P., & Braet, C. (2004). Schemavragenlijst voor jongeren [Schema-questionnaire for adolescents]. Gent: Ghent University; Department of Psychology.
Vlierberghe, L. van, Timbremont, B., Braet, C., & Basile, B. (2007). Parental schemas in youngsters referred for antisocial behaviour problems demonstrating depressive symptoms. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 18, 515-533.
Vlierberghe, L. van, Braet, C., Bosmans, G., Rosseel, Y., & Bögels, S. (in press). Maladaptive schemas and psychopathology in adolescence: On the utility of Young’s schema theory in youth. Cognitive Therapy and Research.

W

Waller, G., Dickson, C., & Ohanian, V. (2002). Cognitive content in bulimic disorders: Core beliefs and eating attitudes. Eating Behaviors, 3, 171-178.
Waller, G., Meyer, C., & Ohanian, V. (2001). Psychometric properties of the long and short versions of the Young Schema-Questionnaire: Core beliefs among bulimic and comparison women. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 137-147.
Waller, G., Meyer, C., Ohanian, V., Elliott, P., Dickson, C., & Sellings, J. (2001). The psychopathology of bulimic women who report childhood sexual abuse: the mediating role of core beliefs. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 700-708.
Waller, G., Ohanian, V., Meyer, C., & Osman, S. (2000). Cognitive content among bulimic women: The role of core beliefs. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28, 235-241.
Waller, G., Shah, R., Ohanian, V., & Elliott, P. (2001). Core beliefs in bulimia nervosa and depression: The discriminant validity of Young’s Schema-Questionnaire. Behavior Therapy, 32, 139-153.
Weertman, A. (2006). The Cognitive Model of Personality Disorders. Maastricht University: Dissertation.
Weertman, A., & Arntz, A. (2007). Effectiveness of treatment of childhood memories in cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A controlled study contrasting methods focusing on the present and methods focusing on childhood memories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2133-2143.
Welburn, K., Coristine, M., Dagg, P., Pontefract, A., & Jordan, S. (2002). The Schema-Questionnaire-short form: Factor analysis and relationship between schemas and symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 519-530.
Wild, J., Hackmann, A., & Clark, D.M. (2007). When the present visits the past: updating traumatic memories in social phobia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 386-401.
Wright, M.O., Crawford, E., & Del Castillo, D. (2009). Childhood emotional maltreatment and later psychological distress among college students: the predicting role of maladaptive schemas. Child Abuse and Neglect, 33, 59-68.

X

No publications known yet.

Y

Young, J.E. (1994). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach (Rev. edition). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.
Young, J.E. (1998). Young Schema-Questionnaire Short Form. New York: Cognitive Therapy Centre.
Young, J. E. (2002). Schema-focused therapy for personality disorders. In: G. Simos (Ed.), Cognitive behaviour therapy (pp. 201-222). New York: Routledge.
Young, J. E. (2005). Schema-focused cognitive therapy and the case of Ms. S. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 15(1), 115-126.
Young, J. E., Arntz, A., Atkinson, T., Lobbestael, J., Weishaar, M. E., Van Vreeswijk, M., et al. (2007). The Schema Mode Inventory. New York: Schema Therapy Institute.
Young, J.E., & Brown, G. (1994). Young Schema-Questionnaire (2nd. edition). In J.E. Young, Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach (Rev. edition, pp. 63-76). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.
Young, J. E., & Flanagan, C. (1998). Schema-focused therapy for narcissistic patients. In: E. F. Ronningstam (Ed.), Disorders of narcissism: diagnostic, clinical, and empirical implications (pp. 239-268). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press.
Young, J.E., & Klosko, J.S. (1994). Reinventing your life. New York: Plume.
Young, J.E., & Klosko, J.S. (2005). Schema therapy. In J.M. Oldham, A.E. Skodol, & D.S. Bender (Eds.), The American psychiatric publishing textbook of personality disorders (pp. 289-306). Washington DC: American Psychiatry Publishing Inc.
Young, J.E., Klosko, J.S., & Weishaar, M.E. (2003). Schema therapy. A practitioner’s guide. New York: The Guilford Press.
Young, J. E., & Lindemann, M. (2002). An integrative schema-focused model for personality disorders. In: R. L. Leahy & E. T. Dowd (Eds.), Clinical advances in cognitive psychotherapy: theory and application (pp. 93-109). New York: Springer Publishing.
Young, J.E., Weinberger, A.D., & Beck, T.A. (2001). Cognitive therapy for depression. In D.H.Barlow (Ed.), Clinical handbook of psychological disorders. A step-by-step treatment manual (3rd. edition) (pp.264-308). New York: Guilford Press.

Z

No publications known yet.

Assessment and Questionnaires

Attachment and Therapeutic Relation

Baker, E., & Beech, A.R. (2004). Dissociation and variability of adult attachment dimensions and early maladaptive schemas in sexual and violent offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 1119-1136.
Blissett, J., Walsh, J., Harris, G., Jones, C., Leung, N., & Meyer, C. (2006). Different core beliefs predict paternal and maternal attachment representations in young women. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 163-171.
Dobrenski, R.A. (2001). Romantic jealousy : Symptoms, schemas, and attachment. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (6-B), 2954.
Hoffart, A., Sexton, H., & Nordahl, H. M. (2005). Connection between patient and therapist and therapist’s competence in schema-focused therapy of personality problems. Psychotherapy Research, 15, 409-419.
Leung, N., Thomas, G., & Waller, G. (2000). The relationship between parental bonding and core beliefs in anorexic and bulimic women. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39, 205-213.
Mason., O., Platts, H., & Tyson, M. (2005). Early maladaptive schema and adult attachment in a UK clinical population. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 78, 549-564.
Muris, P. (2006). Maladaptive schemas in non-clinical adolescents: relations to perceived parental rearing behaviours, big five personality factors, and psychopathological symptoms. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 405-413.
Shah, R., & Waller, G. (2000). Parental style and vulnerability to depression: The role of core beliefs. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188, 19-25.
Spinhoven, P., Dyck, R. van, Giesen-Bloo, J., Kooiman, K., & Arntz, A. (2007). The therapeutic alliance in schema-focused therapy and transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 104-115.
Turner, H.M., Rose, K.S., & Cooper, M.J. (2005). Parental bonding and eating disorder symptoms in adolescents: the mediating role of core beliefs. Eating Behaviors, 6, 113-118.

General Articles

Rafaeli, E. (2009). Cognitive behavioral therapies for personality disorders. Israel Journal of Psychiatry, 46, 290-297.
Arntz, A., & Bernstein, D. (2006). Can personality disorders be changed? Netherlands Journal of Psychology, 62, 9-18.
Bamber, M., & McMahon, R. (2008). Danger- early maladaptive schemas at work! The role of early maladaptive schemas in career choice and the development of occupational stress in health workers. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 15, 96-112.
Cecero, J.J., Marmon, T.S., Beitel, M., Hutz, A., & Jones, C. (2004). Images of mother, self, and God as predictors of dysphoria in non-clinical samples, Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1669-1680.
Cecero, J.J., Beitel, M., & Prout, T. (2008). Exploring the relationships among early maladaptive schemas, psychological mindedness and self-reported college adjustment. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 81, 105-118.
Dozois, D.J.A., Martin, R.A., & Bieling, P.J. (2009). Early maladaptive schemas and adaptive/maladaptive styles of humor. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33, 585-596
Hoffart, A., & Sexton, H. (2002). The role of optimism in the process of schema-focused cognitive therapy of personality problems. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 611-623.
Jacquin, K.M. (1998). The effects of maladaptive schemata on information processing. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59 (01): 435B.
James, I.A. (2001). Schema therapy: the next generation, but should it carry a health warning? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 401-407.
McGinn, L.K., & Young, J.E. (1996). Schema-focused therapy. In P.M. Salkovskis (Ed.), Frontiers of cognitive therapy (pp. 182-207). New York: Guilford Press.
Nordahl, H.M., Holthe, H., & Haugum, J.A. (2005). Early maladaptive schemas in patients with or without personality disorders: does schema modification predict symptomatic relief? Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 142-149.
Ratto, C. L., & Capitano, D. L. (1999). New directions for cognitive therapy: a schema-focused approach. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 6(1), 68-73.
Reeves, M., & Taylor, J. (2007). Specific relationships between core beliefs and personality disorder symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14, 96-104.

Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders and OCD

(For OCD-Articles please look in the box at the bottom of this page)

Calvete, E., & Orue, I. (2008)/. Social anxiety and dysfunctional cognitve schemas [Ansiedad social y esquemas cognitivos disfuncionales]. Psicologia Conductual, 16, 5-21.
Halford, W.K., Bernoth-Doolan, S., & Eadie, K. (2002). Schemata as moderators of clinical effectiveness of a comprehensice cognitive behavioural program for patients with depression or anxiety disorders. Behavior Modification, 26, 571-593.
Hedley, L.M., Hoffart, A., & Sexton, H. (2001). Early maladaptive schemas in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 15, 131-142.
Pinto-Gouveia, J., Castilho, P., Galhardo, A., & Cunha, M. (2006). Early maladaptive schemas and social phobia. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 571-584.
Wild, J., Hackmann, A., & Clark, D.M. (2007). When the present visits the past: updating traumatic memories in social phobia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 386-401.

Childhood and Adolescence

Rijkeboer, M.M., & de Boo, G.M. (2010). Early maladaptive schemas in children: Development and validation of the schema inventory for children. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41, 102-109.
Stallard, P. (2007). Early maladaptive schemas in children: stability and differences between a community and a clinic referred sample. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14, 10-18.
Stallard, P., & Rayner, H. (2005). The development and preliminary evaluation of a Schema Questionnaire for Children (SQC). Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, 217-224.
Thimm, J.C. (2010). Mediation of early maladaptive schemas between perceptions of parental rearing style and personality disorder symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41, 52-59.
Turner, H.M., Rose, K.S., & Cooper, M.J. (2005). Parental bonding and eating disorder symptoms in adolescents: the mediating role of core beliefs. Eating Behaviors, 6, 113-118.
Vlierberghe, L. van, & Braet, C. (2007). Dysfunctional schemas and psychopathology in referred obese adolescents. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14, 342-351.
Vlierberghe, L. van, Rijkeboer, M.M., Hamers, P., & Braet, C. (2004). Schemavragenlijst voor jongeren [Schema-questionnaire for adolescents]. Gent: Ghent University; Department of Psychology.
Vlierberghe, L. van, Timbremont, B., Braet, C., & Basile, B. (2007). Parental schemas in youngsters referred for antisocial behaviour problems demonstrating depressive symptoms. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 18, 515-533.
Vlierberghe, L. van, Braet, C., Bosmans, G., Rosseel, Y., & Bögels, S. (in press). Maladaptive schemas and psychopathology in adolescence: On the utility of Young’s schema theory in youth. Cognitive Therapy and Research

Couples

Calvete, E., Corral, S., & Estévez, A. (2007). Cognitive and coping mechanisms in the interplay between intimate partner violence and depression. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 20, 369-382.
Crawford, E., & O’Dougherty Wright, M. (2007). The impact of childhood psychological maltreatment on interpersonal schemas and subsequent experiences of relationship aggression. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 7, 93-116.
Dobrenski, R.A. (2001). Romantic jealousy : Symptoms, schemas, and attachment. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (6-B), 2954.
Freeman, N. (1999). Constructive thinking and early maladaptive schemas as predictors of interpersonal adjustment and marital satisfaction. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59(9-B), 5081.
Tilden, T., Gude, T. & Hoffart, A. (2010). The course of dyadic adjustment and depressive symptoms during and after couples therapy: A prospective follow-up study of inpatient treatment. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 36, 43-58.

Eating Disorders

Forensic and Violence

Baker, E., & Beech, A.R. (2004). Dissociation and variability of adult attachment dimensions and early maladaptive schemas in sexual and violent offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 1119-1136.
Bernstein, D. P., Arntz, A., & Vos, M. de (2007). Schema focused therapy in forensic settings: theoretical model and recommendations for best clinical practice. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 6, 169-183.
Calvete, E. (2008). Justification of violence and grandiosity schemas as predictors of antisocial behaviour in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 1083-1095.
Calvete, E., Corral, S., & Estévez, A. (2007). Cognitive and coping mechanisms in the interplay between intimate partner violence and depression. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 20, 369-382.
Castille, K., Prout, M., Marczyk, G., Shmidheiser, M., Yoder, S., & Howlett., B. (2007). The early maladaptive schemas of self-mutilators: Implications for therapy. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21, 58-71.
Crawford, E., & O’Dougherty Wright, M. (2007). The impact of childhood psychological maltreatment on interpersonal schemas and subsequent experiences of relationship aggression. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 7, 93-116.
Loper, A.B. (2003). The relationship of maladaptive beliefs to personality and behavioural adjustment among incarcerated women. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 17, 253-266.
Specht, M.W., Chapman, A., & Celluci, T. (2009). Schemas and borderline disorder symptoms in incarcerated women. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 256-264.
Tremblay, P.F., & Dozois, D.J.A. (2009). Another perspective on trait aggressiveness: Overlap with early maladaptive schemas. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 569-574.

Maternal Problems

Blissett, J.M., & Farrow, C.V. (2007). Stability and continuity of women’s core beliefs and psychopathological symptoms from pregnancy to one year postpartum. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31, 589-602.
Blissett, J., & Meyer, C. (2006). The mediating role of eating psychopathology in the relationship between unhealthy core beliefs and feeding difficulties in a nonclinical group. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39, 763-771.
Blissett, J., Meyer, C., Farrow, C., Bryant-Waugh, R., & Nicholls, D. (2005). Maternal core beliefs and children’s feeding problems. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 37, 127-134.
Blissett, J., Walsh, J., Harris, G., Jones, C., Leung, N., & Meyer, C. (2006). Different core beliefs predict paternal and maternal attachment representations in young women. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 163-171.
Edworthy, Z., Chasey, R., & Williams, H. (2008). The role of schema and appraisals in the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms following birth. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 26, 123-138.
Farrow, C.V., & Blisset, J. (2007). The development of maternal self-esteem. Infant Mental Health Journal, 28, 517-535.
Farrow, C., & Blissett, J. (2006). Maternal cognitions, psychopathologic symptoms, and infant temperament as predictors of early infant feeding problems: a longitudinal study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39, 128-134.

Personality Disorders

Psychotic Disorders

Giblin, S., Clare, L., Livingston, G., & Howard, R. (2004). Psychosocial correlates of late-onset psychosis: life experiences, cognitive schemas, and attitudes to ageing. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19, 611-623.
Hagen, R., Nordahl, H.M., & Grawe, R.W. (2005). Cognitive-behavioural group treatment of depression in patients with psychotic disorders. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 465-474.
Moorhead, S., & Turkington, D. (2001). The CBT of delusional disorder: the relationship between schema vulnerability and psychotic content. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 74, 419-430.

Substance Abuse (DFST)

Ball, S. A. (1998). Manualised treatment for substance abusers with personality disorders: dual focus schema therapy. Addictive Behaviours, 23, 883-891.
Ball, S. A. (2004). Treatment of personality disorders with co-occurring substance dependence: dual-focus schema therapy. In: J. J. Magnavita (Ed.), Handbook of personality disorders: theory and practice (pp.398-425). Hoboken, NJ.: Wiley.
Ball, S. A., & Cecero, J. J. (2001). Addicted patients with personality disorders: traits, schemas, and presenting problems. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15, 72-83.
Ball, S.A., Cobb-Richardson, P., Connolly, A.J., Bujosa, C.T., & O’Neil, T.W. (2005). Substance abuse and personality disorders in homeless drop-in center clients: symptom severity and psychotherapy retention in a randomized clinical trial. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46, 317-379.
Ball, S. A., & Young, J. E. (2000). Dual focus schema therapy for personality disorders and substance dependence: case study results. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 7, 270-281.
Decouvelaere, F., Graziani, P., Gackiere-Eraldi, D., Rusinek, S., & Hautekeete, M. (2002). Hypothese de l’existence et de l’evolution de schemas cognitifs mal adaptes chez l’alcoolo-dependant [Hypothesis of existence and development of early maladaptive schemas in alcohol-dependent patients]. Journal de Therapie Comportementale et Cognitive, 12, 43-48.

Trauma, Dissociation and Childhood Memories

Case Studies

Cecero, J. J., & Young, J. E. (2001). Case of Silvia: A schema-focused approach. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 11, 217-229.
Morrison, N. (2000). Schema-focused cognitive therapy for complex long-standing problems: a single-case study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 28, 269-283.
Nordahl, H.M., & Nysaeter, T.E. (2005). Schema therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder: a single case series. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 36, 254-264.
Rusinek, S. (2004). Schema focused therapy after evaluation of semantic modifications in a story recall [Thérapie orientée schemas après évalutation de modifications sémantiques dans un rappel d’histoire], Annales Medico-Psychologiques, 162, 189-194.
Young, J.E., & Klosko, J.S. (2005). Schema therapy. In J.M. Oldham, A.E. Skodol, & D.S. Bender (Eds.), The American psychiatric publishing textbook of personality disorders (pp. 289-306). Washington DC: American Psychiatry Publishing Inc.

Outcome Studies

(For cost-effectiveness-Studies see the box at the end of this page)

Farrell, J.M., Shaw, I.A., & Webber, M.A. (2009). A schema-focused approach to group psychotherapy for outpatients with borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 317-328.
Fitzsimmons, K., Gallagher, S., Blayone, S., Chan, D., Leaitch, W., Veals, N., & Wilkinson, N. (2009) . The young schema questionnaire in group therapy: A client-focused approach. Social Work in Mental Health, 7, 176-185.
Giesen-Bloo, J., Dyck, R. van, Spinhoven, P., Tilburg, W. van, Dirksen, C., Asselt, T. van, Kremers, I., Nadort, M., & Arntz, A. (2006). Outpatient psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder, randomized trial of schema-focused therapy vs transference-focused psychotherapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 649-658.
Gude, T., & Hoffart, A. (2008). Change in interpersonal problems after cognitive agoraphobia and schema-focused therapy versus psychodynamic treatment as usual of inpatients with agoraphobia and Cluster C personality disorders: health and disability. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 195-199.
Gude, T., Monsen, J. T., & Hoffart, A. (2001). Schemas, affect consciousness, and Cluster C personality pathology: a prospective one-year follow-up study of patients in a schema-focused short-term treatment program. Psychotherapy Research, 11(1), 85-98.
Hagen, R., Nordahl, H.M., & Grawe, R.W. (2005). Cognitive-behavioural group treatment of depression in patients with psychotic disorders. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 465-474.
Halford, W.K., Bernoth-Doolan, S., & Eadie, K. (2002). Schemata as moderators of clinical effectiveness of a comprehensice cognitive behavioural program for patients with depression or anxiety disorders. Behavior Modification, 26, 571-593.
Nadort, M., Arntz, A., Smit, J.H., Giesen-Bloo, J., Eikelenboom, M., Spinhoven, P., van Asselt, T., Wending, M., & van Dyck, R. (2009). Implementation of outpatient schema therapy for borderline personality disorder with versus without crisis support by the therapist outside office hours: A randomized trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 961-973.
Weertman, A., & Arntz, A. (2007). Effectiveness of treatment of childhood memories in cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A controlled study contrasting methods focusing on the present and methods focusing on childhood memories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2133-2143.

Treatment Techniques

Arntz, A., & Weertman, A. (1999). Treatment of childhood memories: Theory and practice. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 715-740.
Arntz, A., Tiesema, M., & Kindt, M. (2007). Treatment of PTSD: a comparison of imaginal exposure with and without imagery rescripting. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 345-370.
Brandon, R.A. (2000). Early recollections as a trigger technique for identifying early maladaptive schemas. Dissertation Abstracts International, 61 (03): 1626B.
Holmes, E. A., Arntz, A., & Smucker, M. R. (2007). Imagery rescripting in cognitive behaviour therapy: images, treatment techniques and outcomes. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 297-305.
Kellogg, S.H. (2004). Dialogical encounters: contemporary perspectives on ‘chairwork’ in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice & Training, 41, 310-320.
Nadort, M., van Dyck, R., Smit, J.H., Giesen-Bloo, J., Eikelenboom, M., Wensing, M., Spinhoven, P., Dirksen, C., Bleecke, J., van Milligen, B., van Vreeswijk, M., & Arntz, A. (2009). Three preparatory studies for promoting implementation of outpatient schema therapy for borderline personality disorder in general mental health care. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 938-945.
Smucker, M. R., & Niederee, J. (1995). Treating incest-related PTSD and pathogenic schemas through imaginal exposure and rescripting. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 2(1), 63-92.
Wild, J., Hackmann, A., & Clark, D.M. (2007). When the present visits the past: updating traumatic memories in social phobia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 386-401.